Documentatie atasata la

Hidroizolatii si impermeabilizare pentru structuri din beton PENETRON

Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS

Limba: Engleza

54 afisari

Tip documentatie: Lucrari, proiecte

Pagina 1 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari,...

Integral Capillary System Concrete Waterproofing The Bakun Hydroelectric Project is situated on the Balui River, Sarawak, Malaysia. The project is comprised of the construction of a 2,400MW hydroelectric dam, the transmission of its electricity, and the building of related infrastructure including access roads. It is the largest project in Original Physiognomy of the Bakun HEP Malaysia, and is known as the “Three Gorges Project in Southeast Asia”. Completion of the project is planned for 2006. The powerhouse of Bakun HEP will accommodate eight turbine generator units, giving a total generating capacity of 240MW, which will meet the increasing demand for electricity. This project was first implemented in the beginning of 1990 but was shelved in 1997, due to the Asian Airscape of the Bakun HEP Economic Crisis, and was resurrected in 2000. The Bakun Project includes a 205-high-meter Concrete Face Rockfill Dam (CFRD) with a crest length of 740 m, a crest wid

Pagina 1-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 2 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari,...

th and base of 12 m and 573 m, a concrete open chute spillway of 3 15000m /second capacity, power intakes, eight power tunnels with a length of 700 Bakun Dam meters and a diameter of 8.5 meters, power house, bottom outlets. -1- ICS/Penetron International LTD. The Bakun Hydroelectric Project Integral Capillary System Concrete Waterproofing Even high quality concrete is a porous material -- Excess water evaporation during hardening will leave millions of pores and capillaries in concrete Porosity of concrete -- Allows water to move freely throughout the concrete -- Increases absorption of harmful chemicals Moisture and water intrusion -- Results in chemical corrosion due to the corrosive chemicals dissolved in them -- Chlorine ion or concrete neutralization (carbonization) can accelerate corrosion of reinforcing steel -- Freeze/thaw cycles can lead to concrete cracking and other damage -- Causes alkali-aggregate reaction -- Reduces structural property High sp

Pagina 2-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 3 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari,...

eed water current -- Results in concrete surface abrasion -- Causes serious cavitations and concrete spalling due to partial low pressure Over time any untreated concrete structure will slowly succumb to damage due to the existence of water. Corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete -2- ICS/Penetron International LTD. Water & Concrete Deterioration Integral Capillary System Concrete Waterproofing There are millions of pores and capillaries in untreated concrete. Water and moisture can pass through them and into the deleterious concrete. The chemicals Chlorides penetrate into dissolved in them will also concrete with the help of penetrate into the concrete. surface moisture and water The penetration of water and harmful chemicals, especially chlorides, results in the corrosion of reinforcing steel. Concrete eventually fails due to further corrosion, delamination and spalling. -3- ICS/Penetron International LTD. Water & Corrosion of Reinforcing Steel In

Pagina 3-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 4 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari,...

tegral Capillary System Concrete Waterproofing Solution concrete, and provide the best protection by providing a great improvement in pore structure and porosity reduction -- Penetron Applied by brush or spray on hardened concrete surface -- Penetron Plus Dry shake application on horizontal fresh concrete surface -- Penetron Admix An additive mixed into new concrete at the time of batching for complete integral waterproofing Penetron products are cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing materials -- Powders consisting of Portland cement, quartz sand and multiple activating chemicals Properties meet GB18445-2001 the requirements “Cementitious of China Capillary National Crystalline Standard Waterproofing Materials” National requirement testing results -- Initial setting time ≥20min 199min -- Final setting time ≤24hrs 5hrs -- Flexure strength, 7 days ≥2.8 5.8MPa -- Flexure strength, 28 days ≥3.5 6.3MPa -- Compressive streng

Pagina 4-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 5 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari,...

th, 7days ≥12.0 24.2MPa -- Compressive strength, 28 days ≥18.0 25.9MPa -- Adhesion strength, 28 day ≥1.0 1.2MPa I type II type -- Impermeability pressure, 28 days ≥0.8 ≥1.2 1.3MPa -- Second impermeability pressure, 56 days ≥0.6 ≥0.8 1.1MPa -- Permeability pressure ratio, 28 days ≥200 ≥300 325% -4- ICS/Penetron International LTD. Penetron products can effectively stop water and moisture penetration into Integral Capillary System Concrete Waterproofing ICS/Penetron International LTD. How Penetron products waterproof and protect concrete Penetron or Penetron Plus Typical concrete structure with When mixed with water and The concrete moisture applied as a coating, the active permanently chemicals in Penetron cause a neither water nor any other reaction leading to the formation liquids are able to penetrate of non-soluble crystals within the the pores and capillary tracts of the direction concrete becomes sealed from a

Pagina 5-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 6 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari,...

nd any concrete Concrete was saturated with water so that there is an adequate amount of liquid water present to allow movement of chemicals into the concrete pores. The chemicals are pushed into the concrete through the action of diffusion. Under the right conditions, the chemicals can also move into the concrete by seeping water, or by the natural wicking action of the concrete. Once into the concrete, the chemicals react with un-hydrated cement particles and by-products of cement hydration to form needle-like crystals, which fill and block the pores and capillaries in the concrete. As water can no longer pass through the concrete, the concrete becomes “waterproof”. In absence of moisture, the activating chemicals remain dormant in concrete for years. If any minute cracks recur, any penetrating moisture will activate the dormant materials, and the chemical reaction and sealing process repeat itself automatically. -5- Integral Capillary System Concrete Waterproofing Penetro

Pagina 6-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 7 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari,...

n Admix is a ICS/Penetron International LTD. Penetron Admix unique crystal-forming additive that provides permanent protection for buildings and other structures by waterproofing concrete from the inside out. Penetron Admix is added to the concrete mix at the time of batching. The activating chemicals of the product react with water, unhydrated cement particles and by-products of cement hydration in concrete to form needle-like crystals. These crystals grow and migrate through the concrete to fill in hairline cracks and microscopic voids that would otherwise serve as passages for harmful moisture. Penetron Admix enhances the natural hydration process in concrete by intensifying hydration crystal growth, increasing compressive strength and reducing cracking caused by shrinkage. In absence of moisture, the activating chemicals remain dormant in concrete for years. Should cracks recur at any time, these dormant materials are activated by any penetrating moisture, and the chemica

Pagina 7-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 8 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari,...

l action and sealing process repeats itself automatically. -6- Integral Capillary System Concrete Waterproofing Features, Advantages & Benefits of Penetron Techology ICS/Penetron International LTD. Features and Advantages -- Penetron Admix Permanent waterproofing admixture ·Impermeability lasts as long as the concrete ·System becomes an integral part of the concrete ·Does not require re-application Resists high hydrostatic pressure from either positive or negative surface ·Ideal for below grade application ·Does not need any other form of waterproofing ·Protects against water-borne ground contaminants Protects reinforcing steel from corrosion ·Highly resistant to water-borne aggressive chemicals ·Stops ingress of water required for AAR ·Allows concrete to breathe, eliminating vapor build-up and leaving the concrete completely dry Will grow crystals years after initial application ·Will re-activate in the presence of moisture ·Self-heals hairline cracks of up to 0.4mm a

Pagina 8-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 9 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari,...

nd stop water ingress that may occur from subsequent damage to the structure ·Continually improves with time Multi-functional admixture ·Does not contain stearates, sodium or silicates ·Not a hydrophobic type product ·Not a surface densification product ·Assists concrete in the hydration process, acting as a catalyst to un-hydrated cement particles already existing in the concrete ·Water-reducing, increasing workability of fresh concrete ·Increases compressive strength of hardened concrete ·Non-toxic, approved for portable water use -7- Integral Capillary System Concrete Waterproofing Penetron or Penetron Plus In-depth waterproofing property ·Penetrates deeply, and impermeability lasts as long as the concrete ·System becomes an integral part of the concrete, forming a complete body of strength and durability ·Waterproofing and chemical resistance properties remain intact even if the surface is damaged Completely effective against high hydrostatic pressure ·Ideal for belo

Pagina 9-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 10 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, ...

w grade application, reservoirs and pipelines ·Does not require protection during backfilling, placement of steel or wire mesh and other common procedures ·Protects against water-borne ground contaminants Protects reinforcing steel from corrosion ·Resists chemical attack (PH3-11 constant contact; PH2-12 periodic contact) and provides a wide range of protection from freeze/thaw cycles, aggressive waters, sea water, carbonates, chlorides, sulfates and nitrates ·Stops ingress of water required for AAR ·Allows concrete to breathe, eliminating vapor buildup and leaving the concrete completely dry Will grow crystals years after initial application ·Will re-activate in the presence of moisture ·Self-heals hairline cracks of up to 0.4mm and stops water ingress that may occur from subsequent damage to the structure ·Continually improves with time Efficient and simple application method ·Can be applied from either the positive or negative side ·Can be applied to moist or green concrete

Pagina 10-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 11 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, ...

·Can be used for new or existing concrete ·Compatible with water-based glues and surface coatings -8- ICS/Penetron International LTD. -- Integral Capillary System Concrete Waterproofing High-growth technology ·Zero VOC ICS/Penetron International LTD. ·Does not contain stearates, sodium or silicates ·Not a hydrophobic type product ·Not a surface densification product ·Non-toxic ·Approved for portable water use Benefits of Penetron Technology -- Penetron Admix Benefits to Property Owners ·Cost effective ·Lowers overall project costs ·Permanent waterproofing system ·Requires no maintenance ·Increases the quality of the concrete for structural performance and integrity ·Increases usage of infrastructure ·Eliminates down-time and costs associated with maintenance and repairs ·Reduces project time requirements ·Long-term manufacturer’s warranty ·Manufacturer’s history of international success in varying climatic & environmental conditions Benefits to Contract

Pagina 11-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 12 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, ...

ors ·Unmatched technical support ·Reduces application errors associated with installation of other systems ·Improves pouring and placement of concrete ·Eliminates construction delays due to elimination of traditional waiting period to install membranes on cured concrete -- Penetron or Penetron Plus Benefits to Property Owners ·Cost effective ·Lowers overall project costs -9- Integral Capillary System Concrete Waterproofing ·Permanent waterproofing system ·Requires no maintenance ·Manufacturer’s history of international success in various climatic & environmental conditions Benefits to Contractors ·Unmatched technical support ·Reduces application errors associated with installation of other systems ·Eliminates risk associated with membrane failure ·Requires no protective cement mortar in comparison with other systems - 10 - ICS/Penetron International LTD. ·Long-term manufacturer’s warranty Integral Capillary System Concrete Waterproofing Comparison of Pene

Pagina 12-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 13 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, ...

tron Products to Other Penetron Penetron Plus Penetron Admix Membranes (Positive Side) Other Surface Applied Products Cementitious material Cementitious material added Liquid and sheet applied Materials applied to applied on concrete surface into fresh concrete to form bitumens and polymers concrete surface containing to transfer needle-like needle-like crystals within the affixed to the concrete mainly water repellents and crystals to infiltrate the Description concrete mass surface sealants ·Improves with time ·Improves with time ·Protection breached by · Reduces initial absorption ·Resistance to exceeding ·Continuous self-healing any pinhole or seam but will deteriorate with concrete mass Resistance to hydrostatic water pressure 150m head pressure ·Withstands 3Mpa in ability ·Initiates full hydration ·Once leaking, will require replacement permeability test time ·Limited penetration leads to poor resistance to hydrostatic pressure Protec

Pagina 13-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 14 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, ...

tion of reinforcing steel ·Prevents corrosion of reinforcing steel by stopping passage of water · Permanent protection · Prevents any permeation of water and chlorides and chlorides ·No negative side protection ·Easily leaks at the joints and seams ·No negative side protection ·Limited protection as it slows the water ingress in uncracked areas Crack self-healing ability ·Will re-activate in the ·Will re-activate in the ·No self-healing ability ·Can bear excessive ·No crack resistance presence of moisture to seal new cracks even seal new cracks even years later Crack resistance presence of moisture to ·No self-healing ability years later · Rigid material, can not bear excessive transformation, but self heals minor cracks of up to 0.4mm ·Reduces cracking in plastic and curing stage ·Self heals minor cracks of up to 0.4mm in the transformation ·Limited time protection at ·Temporarily fills existing cracks existing cracks locations presence of mo

Pagina 14-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 15 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, ...

isture Freeze/thaw durability · Improves durability by · Improves durability by removing water within removing water within concrete concrete ·Eliminates water penetration at cracks Repair requirement ·Slow deteriorating factors ·Permanent waterproofing protection, does not need repair initially ·Slow deteriorating factors initially ·No durability at crack locations ·Eliminates water penetration at cracks ·Easily repaired from positive or negative side · Wide range of options are available ·Repairs are cost effective ·Difficult to repair ·Difficult to locate pinholes ·Repairs may require removal of previous materials and poor joints ·May require total removal & repair · Expensive and sometimes impossible due to accessibility - 11 - ICS/Penetron International LTD. Waterproofing Systems Integral Capillary System Concrete Waterproofing Penetron Penetron Plus Application Penetron Admix · Applied by brush/ spray ·Mixed at batch plant or side of o

Pagina 15-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 16 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, ...

ld/new concrete on-site ·No additional applications required ·Or, dry shake ·Liquids: brush application ·Sheets: glued or welded to the · Only applied to positive side · Substrate profile critical to performance concrete surface application on ·Correct joints and horizontal fresh seams critical to concrete surface Surface preparation Other Surface Applied Products performance ·Needs coarse, water ·No surface preparation ·Clean surface ·Needs surface prep saturated, clean ·Dry surface depending on surface for brush or ·Smooth surface products requirements spray · surface prep for dry No shake Construction schedule ·Can be applied during ·Added into fresh ·Must be applied at concrete finishing or concrete at the time of completion of anytime following batching structural work ·Saves 10-50% time ·Require protective and construction ·Some require 28 days cured concrete ·Similar scheduling as cement mortar membranes costs Effect

Pagina 16-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 17 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, ...

ive land usage ·Can be applied to the negative side of ·Can build tight with property lines ·Spaces required ·Spaces required between property line between property line concrete allowing and concrete for and concrete for construction tight to membrane installation surface application property lines Sub-surface drainage system Additional coatings ·Not required ·Not required · Require drainage under · Require drainage under high hydrostatic pressures ·Can be finished with coatings, tiles, etc. ·Does not affect coatings ·Adhesion excellent for high hydrostatic pressures ·Require protective ·May require special mortar prior to surface preparation prior to finishes surface finishes coatings or tiles Maintenance ·Not only as a surface coating ·Maintenance not Service life required ·Permanent and improves with time ·Maintenance not required for the life of ·Costly replacement generally required the concrete ·Life time of concrete · Re-a

Pagina 17-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 18 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, ...

pplication required under hydrostatic conditions · Become brittle with age resulting in cracks and openings ·Surface damage will ·Best when first applied ·Deteriorate with time ·Vulnerable to surface damage eliminate protection - 12 - ICS/Penetron International LTD. to positive or negative Membranes (Positive Side) Integral Capillary System Concrete Waterproofing ICS/Penetron International LTD. Proposal for Waterproofing of Concrete by Application of Penetron Products for the Bakun Hydroelectric Project Proposal for Bakun CFRD Concrete self-waterproofing treatment + Concrete surface waterproofing treatment 11 Penetron on surface; Penetron Admix in concrete 10 8 5 4 2 3 6 1 9 7 Waterproofing treatment for CFRD 1 Upstream Blanket Area 2 Repetition Blanket Area 3 Upstream Toe Slab 4 Cushion Layer 5 Transition Zone 7 Downstream Rockfill Area 8 Downstream Slope 10 Concrete Face Slab 6 Main Rockfill Area 11 Upstream Wave Wall -- 9 Downstream Toe of Filter

Pagina 18-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 19 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, ...

Zone Concrete self-waterproofing treatment Penetron Admix is added into all upstream concrete at the time of batching for complete integral waterproofing. -- Concrete surface waterproofing treatment Penetron is applied on the surface of concrete face slab, toe slab and upstream wave wall by brush or spray. - 13 - Integral Capillary System Concrete Waterproofing -- Spillway The spillway is composed of a gated ogee, an open concrete chute, a flip bucket and a plunge pool. The ogee, with crest elevation of 209 meters, is divided into four 15-meter-wide bays separated by 6.5-meter-wide piers. The flip bucket and plunge pool are designed to safely discharge the floodwater away from the toe of the dam and the powerhouse. The flip bucket is designed to be stable under the hydrodynamic forces applied to it by the discharge flows, and the plunge pool is designed to control the erosive forces of the discharged waters. Its sides will be protected with a concrete slab anchored in the rock

Pagina 19-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 20 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, ...

. All concrete structures of the spillway contacting with water are recommended: Concrete self-waterproofing treatment: -- Penetron Admix is added into the fresh concrete at the time of batching for complete integral waterproofing. Water Conductors The water conductors include the power intakes, the pressure shafts and tunnels. The eight power intakes are joined together and located in an excavation next to the spillway, in the left abutment of the dam. The eight pressure shafts and tunnels convey the water from the intake to the turbines in the powerhouse. All concrete structures of the water conductor contacting with water, or below grade, are recommended: Concrete self-waterproofing treatment: Penetron Admix is added into the fresh concrete at the time of batching for complete integral waterproofing. - 14 - ICS/Penetron International LTD. Proposal for other auxiliary structure Integral Capillary System Concrete Waterproofing Powerhouse The powerhouse will be of the surfac

Pagina 20-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 21 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, ...

e type, located on the left bank of the river, near the toe of the dam but separate from it. The powerhouse will provide enough space to install and later operate all the equipment necessary to generate energy using an installed capacity of 2,400 MW. The substructure of the powerhouse will be founded on sound rock. Waterproofing of concrete slab of the powerhouse is recommended: Concrete self-waterproofing treatment: -- Penetron Admix is added into the fresh concrete at the time of batching for complete integral waterproofing. River Diversion Works The diversion will consist of upstream and downstream cofferdams, three river diversion tunnels and other ancillary structures. Three 12-metre internal diameter diversion tunnels, approximately 1400 metres long, will be used to evacuate the floodwater during construction. The tunnels will be stabilized using rock bolts and drain holes as well as through a process of consolidation grouting and concrete lining. The concrete lining will al

Pagina 21-Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, proiecte...

Pagina 22 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, ...

so contribute to the safety of the tunnels, protecting the rock excavation against erosion due to the high flow velocities. One of the tunnels will be converted to a bottom outlet after construction of the project. The outlet structures are designed to protect the tunnels from retrogressing erosion. We recommend that Penetron Admix be added to the concrete lining at the time of batching: Concrete self-waterproofing treatment: Penetron Admix is added into the fresh concrete at the time of batching for complete integral waterproofing. - 15 - ICS/Penetron International LTD. -- Integral Capillary System Concrete Waterproofing -- Surface Preparation The concrete surface must be structurally sound and free of dirt, soil, oil, release agents, laitance or any other foreign materials which may impair the bond, penetration and/or overall performance of Penetron materials. Extremely smooth concrete surface must be water-blasted or sandblasted to make sure the concrete surface has an open

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Pagina 23 - Proiectul hidroelectric Bakun PENETRON PENETRON, PENETRON ADMIX, PENETRON PLUS Lucrari, ...

capillary system. Rout out visible cracks exceeding 0.4mm in size to a depth of 20mm to 25mm. Also rout out honeycombed pockets and faulty construction joints to sound concrete. Construction joints are routed or provided with a formed 20mm*20mm reglet. Wet down dry surfaces prior to the application of Penetron materials. Moisture must be present in the concrete strata to ensure maximum chemical penetration. Surfaces must be damp when Penetron products are applied. -- Mixing Brush application: 0.8-1.5kg/m2, 5 parts Penetron to 2 parts water Spray application: 0.8-1.5kg/m2, 5 parts Penetron to 2.75-to-3.25 parts water (varies with climate and spray equipment) Penetron should be mixed to the consistency of thick latex paint. Stir the slurry mixture frequently during the application and prepare only as much as can be applied within a 30-minute period. -- Application Apply Penetron coating by masonry-type brush (artificial fibers, if available). For spray application, drop hopper or pis